António Damásio António Rosa Damásio, GOSE is a Portuguese-born, American behavioral neurologist and neuroscientist. He is David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Southern California, where he heads USC's Brain and Creativity Institute. Prior to taking up his posts at USC, in 2005, Damásio was M.W. Van Allen Professor and Head of Phineas Gage Phineas P. Gage was a railroad construction foreman now remembered for his incredible survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying one or both of his brain's frontal lobes, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior—effects said to be so profound that friends saw Norman Geschwind Norman Geschwind can be considered the father of modern behavioral neurology in America. He was mentor to the cadre of behavioral neurologists who would shape the subspecialty for the 20th and early 21st centuries Elkhonon Goldberg Elkhonon Goldberg is a neuropsychologist and cognitive neuroscientist known for his work in hemispheric specialization and the "novelty-routinization" theory Patricia Goldman Rakic Patricia Goldman-Rakic (born Patricia Shoer) (April 22, 1937 – July 31, 2003) was an American neuroscientist/neurobiologist known for her pioneering study of the frontal lobe and her work on the cellular basis of working memory Pasko Rakic Pasko Rakic is a neuroscientist at Yale University. Rakic has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences USA, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Presidency of the Society for Neuroscience. He was a co-recipient, with Thomas Jessell and Sten Grillner, of the inaugural Kavli Prize for Neuroscience in 2008. Donald O. Hebb Donald Olding Hebb was a Canadian psychologist who was influential in the area of neuropsychology, where he sought to understand how the function of neurons contributed to psychological processes such as learning. He has been described as the father of neuropsychology and neural networks Kenneth Heilman He attended the University of Virginia and graduated from the University of Virginia School of Medicine in 1963 Edith Kaplan Edith Kaplan was a respected pioneer of neuropsychological tests who did most of her work at the Boston VA Hospital. As a graduate student Kaplan worked with Heinz Werner, and then collaborated further with Norman Geschwind and Harold Goodglass. She developed a refined version of the widely used Halstead-Reitan battery and mentored many prominent Muriel Lezak Muriel Deutsch Lezak is an American neuropsychologist best known for her book Neuropsychological Assessment, widely accepted as the standard in the field. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Chicago, and earned a Ph.D. from the University of Portland in 1960 Benjamin Libet Benjamin Libet was a researcher in the physiology department of the University of California, San Francisco, and a pioneering scientist in the field of human consciousness. In 2003, he was the first recipient of the Virtual Nobel Prize in Psychology from the University of Klagenfurt, "for his pioneering achievements in the experimental Rodolfo Llinás Rodolfo R. Llinás is the Thomas and Suzanne Murphy Professor of Neuroscience and Chairman of the department of Physiology & Neuroscience at the NYU School of Medicine. He went to the Gimnasio Moderno school and received his MD from the Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá in 1959 and his PhD in 1965 from the Australian National University working Alexander Luria Alexander Romanovich Luria was a famous Soviet neuropsychologist and developmental psychologist. He was one of the founders of cultural-historical psychology and psychological activity theory Brenda Milner Brenda Milner, CC, GOQ, FRS has contributed extensively to the research literature on various topics in the field of clinical neuropsychology Karl H. Pribram Karl H. Pribram is a professor at Georgetown University , and an emeritus professor of psychology and psychiatry at Stanford University and Radford University. Board-certified as a neurosurgeon, Pribram did pioneering work on the definition of the limbic system, the relationship of the frontal cortex to the limbic system, the sensory-specific & Oliver Sacks Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE, FRCP , is a British neurologist residing in New York City. He is a professor of neurology, psychiatry and writing at Columbia University, where he also holds the title of Columbia Artist. He previously spent many years on the clinical faculty of Yeshiva University's Albert Einstein College of Medicine Mark Rosenzweig Mark Richard Rosenzweig was an American research psychologist who found in animal studies on neuroplasticity that the brain continues developing anatomically, reshaping and repairing itself into adulthood based on life experiences, overturning the conventional wisdom that the brain reached full maturity in childhood Roger W. Sperry Roger Wolcott Sperry was a neuropsychologist, neurobiologist and Nobel laureate who, together with David Hunter Hubel and Torsten Nils Wiesel, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work with split-brain research
H. M. Henry Gustav Molaison , better known as HM or H.M., was a memory-impaired patient who was widely studied from the late 1950s until his death. His case played a very important role in the development of theories that explain the link between brain function and memory, and in the development of cognitive neuropsychology, a branch of psychology that K. C. KC, also known as Patient K.C., is a famous patient in neuropsychology who was diagnosed with anterograde amnesia and temporally graded retrograde amnesia as the result of a motorcycle crash at the age of 30, in 1981. He has intact semantic memory but no episodic memory, caused by injury to his frontal lobe. He was the patient of famous memoryBenton Visual Retention Test The Benton Visual Retention Test is an individually administered test for ages 8-adult that measures visual perception and visual memory . It can also be used to help identify possible learning disabilities. The child is shown 10 designs, one at a time, and asked to reproduce each one as exactly as possible on plain paper from memory. The test is Clinical Dementia Rating The Clinical Dementia Rating or CDR is a numeric scale used to quantify the severity of symptoms of dementia Continuous Performance Task A Continuous Performance Task/Test, or CPT, is a psychological test which measures a person's sustained and selective attention and impulsivity. Sustained attention is the ability to maintain a consistent focus on some continuous activity or stimuli, and is associated with impulsivity. Selective attention is the ability to focus on relevant Glasgow Coma Scale Glasgow Coma Scale or GCS, is a neurological scale which aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person, for initial as well as subsequent assessment. A patient is assessed against the criteria of the scale, and the resulting points give a patient score between 3 and either 14 (original scale) or 15 (the more Hayling and Brixton tests The Hayling and Brixton tests are neuropsychological tests of executive function created by psychologists Paul W. Burgess and Tim Shallice Johari window A Johari window is a cognitive psychological tool created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955 in the United States, used to help people better understand their interpersonal communication and relationships. It is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise Lexical decision task The lexical decision task is a procedure used in many psychology and psycholinguistics experiments. The basic procedure involves measuring how quickly people classify stimuli as words or nonwords. Although versions of the task had been used by researchers for a number of years, the term lexical decision task was coined by David E. Meyer and Roger Mini-mental state examination The mini-mental state examination or Folstein test is a brief 30-point questionnaire test that is used to screen for cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine to screen for dementia. It is also used to estimate the severity of cognitive impairment at a given point in time and to follow the course of cognitive changes in an individual Stroop effect In psychology, the Stroop effect is a demonstration of the reaction time of a task. When a word such as blue, green, red, etc. is printed in a color differing from the color expressed by the word's semantic value , naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the meaning of the word is congruent with its ink Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are the primary clinical instruments used to measure adult and adolescent intelligence. The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler, as a revision of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. The fourth edition of the test (WAIS-IV) was released
Wisconsin card sorting The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a neuropsychological test of "set-shifting", i.e. the ability to display flexibility in the face of changing schedules of reinforcement. The WCST was written by David A. Grant and Esta A. Berg. The Professional Manual for the WCST was written by Robert K. Heaton, Gordon J. Chelune, Jack L. Talley, GaryNeuropsychological tests are specifically designed tasks used to measure a psychological function known to be linked to a particular brain The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary structure or pathway. They usually involve the systematic administration of clearly defined procedures in a formal environment. Neuropsychological tests are typically administered to a single person working with an examiner in a quiet office environment, free from distractions. As such, it can be argued that neuropsychological tests at times offer an estimate of a person's peak level of cognitive performance. Neuropsychological tests are a core component of the process of conducting neuropsychological assessment Neuropsychological assessment was traditionally carried out to assess the extent of impairment to a particular skill and to attempt to locate an area of the brain which may have been damaged after brain injury or neurological illness. With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, location of space-occupying lesions can now be accurately determined.
Most neuropsychological tests in current use are based on traditional psychometric Psychometrics is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. The field is primarily concerned with the study of measurement instruments such as questionnaires and tests. It involves two major theory. In this model, a person's raw score In statistics and data analysis, a raw score is an original datum that has not been transformed. This may include, for example, the original result obtained by a student on a test as opposed to that score after transformation to a standard score or percentile rank or the like on a test is compared to a large general population normative Social norms are the behavioral expectations and cues within a society or group. This sociological term has been defined as "the rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors." These rules may be explicit or implicit. Failure to follow the rules can result in severe punishments, sample, that should ideally be drawn from a comparable population to the person being examined. Normative studies frequently provide data stratified by age, level of education, and/or ethnicity, where such factors have been shown by research to affect performance on a particular test. This allows for a person's performance to be compared to a suitable control group When an experiment is conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of a single variable of interest on a particular system, a scientific control is used to minimize the unintended influence of other variables on the same system. Such extraneous variables include researcher bias, environmental changes, and biological variation. Scientific, and thus provide a fair assessment of their current cognitive functioning.
The following list includes commonly used tests.
List of neuropsychological tests
- Ammons Quick Test Ammons Quick Test is an intelligence test that was designed in 1962 by R.B. Ammons and his wife C.H. Ammons. This test has been used for many years to help assess premorbid intelligence. It is a passive response picture-vocabulary test
- Beck Depression Inventory The Beck Depression Inventory , created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it, Anxiety Inventory The Beck Anxiety Inventory , created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of an individual's anxiety, and Hopelessness Scale The Beck Hopelessness Scale is a 20-item self-report inventory developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck that was designed to measure three major aspects of hopelessness; feelings about the future, loss of motivation, and expectations. The test is designed for adults, age 17-80
- Bender Visual Motor Gestalt (BVMG) Test The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, or simply the Bender-Gestalt test, is a psychological test first developed by child neuropsychiatrist Lauretta Bender. The test is used to evaluate "visual-motor maturity", to screen for developmental disorders, or to assess neurological function or brain damage
- Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination or BDAE is a test used to evaluate adults suspected of having aphasia, and is currently in its third edition. It was created by Harold Goodglass and Edith Kaplan. The BDAE evaluates language skills based on perceptual modalities , processing functions (comprehension, analysis, problem-solving), and
- Boston Naming Test
- California Verbal Learning Test
- CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery , originally developed at the University of Cambridge in the 1980s, is a computer-based cognitive assessment system consisting of a battery of neuropsychological tests, administered to subjects using a touch screen computer. The 22 tests in CANTAB examine various areas of cognitive function,)
- CDR Computerized Assessment System
- Clinical Dementia Rating The Clinical Dementia Rating or CDR is a numeric scale used to quantify the severity of symptoms of dementia
- CNS Vital Signs
- Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI)
- Cognitive Symptom Checklists
- Comprehensive Aphasia Test The Comprehensive Aphasia Test was created by Kate Swinburn, Gillian Porter and David Howard. The CAT is a new test for people who have acquired aphasia. The comprehensive assessment can be completed over one or two sessions. The test contains a cognitive screening, a language battery and a disability questionnaire (CAT)
- Cognistat (The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination)
- Controlled Oral Word Association Test Verbal fluency tests are a kind of psychological test in which participants have to say as many words as possible from a category in a given time . This category can be semantic, such as animals or fruits, or phonemic, such as words that begin with letter p. The semantic fluency test is sometimes described as the category fluency test or simply as (COWAT or FAS)
- Continuous Performance Task A Continuous Performance Task/Test, or CPT, is a psychological test which measures a person's sustained and selective attention and impulsivity. Sustained attention is the ability to maintain a consistent focus on some continuous activity or stimuli, and is associated with impulsivity. Selective attention is the ability to focus on relevant (CPT)
- d2 Test of Attention
- Dean-Woodcock Neuropsychology Assessment System (DWNAS)
- Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
- Dementia Rating Scale
- Digit Vigilance Test
- Figural Fluency Test
- Finger Tapping (Oscillation) Test
- General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition (GPCOG)
- Grooved Pegboard
- Halstead Category Test
- Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
- Hayling and Brixton tests
- Hooper Visual Organization Test
- Iowa gambling task
- Kaplan Baycrest Neurocognitive Assessment
- Kaufman Functional Academic Skills Test
- Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment
- Lexical decision task
- Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological battery
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- MCI Screen
- Memory Assessment Scales
- MicroCog
- Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)
- Mini mental state examination (MMSE)
- Mooney Problem Checklist
- Multilingual Aphasia Examination
- NEPSY
- North American Reading Test
- Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)
- Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener (PADDS)
- Paulhus Deception Scales
- Personality Adjective Checklist
- Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
- Quick Neurological Screening Test
- Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
- Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure
- Rivermead Behavioural memory Test
- Rogers Criminal Responsibility Scale
- Rorschach test
- Ruff Figural Fluency Test
- Sensory Screening Test
- SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist 90)
- Shipley Institute of Living Scale
- Stroop Task
- Symbol Digit Modalities Test
- Tactual Performance Test
- Test of Memory Malingering
- Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL)
- Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.)
- Tower of London Test
- Trail-Making Test (TMT) or Trails A & B
- Validity Indicator Profile
- Verbal fluency tests
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV IQ test)
- Wechsler Memory Scale 4th edition (WMS-IV)
- Wechsler Test of Adult Reading
- Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-4)
- Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST)
- Wonderlic Personnel Test
- Word Memory Test
See also
External links
- [1] Brief information about some neuropsychological tests.
- [2] Brief explanation of Personality Projective and Nonprojective tests - Children & Adults.
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Categories: Cognitive tests | Neuropsychology | Clinical psychology | Neuropsychological tests | Psychological testing | Neuropsychological assessment |
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and treatment plan for their patients Students will also have the opportunity to evaluate residents of our community during our annual memory screening day at the LGH Health Campus Interns will be introduced to the administration scoring and interpretation of the Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery HRB Students will participate in scheduled case
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