Manila (pronounced /məˈnɪlə/ mə-NIL-ə; Filipino Filipino is the national language of the Philippines and, along with English, is an official language designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Filipino is an Austronesian language that is based on existing native languages in the Philippines; the most significant influence is the Tagalog language. A large number of Spanish and English: Maynila), officially the City of Manila, is the capital A capital city is the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status; although there are exceptions, a capital is almost always a city which physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and is fixed by law. An alternate term is political capital, but this phrase has a second of the Philippines The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and and one of the 16 cities A city is a tier of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities, whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own specific charters in addition to the Local Government Code of 1991, which specifies the administrative structure and political powers of subnational government that make up the Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon) is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities—namely Manila itself, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig,, one of the most populous metropolitan areas One concept which measures the world's largest cities is that of the metropolitan area, which is based on the concept of a labor market area and is typically defined as an employment core and the surrounding areas that have strong commuting ties to the core. There is currently no generally accepted, globally consistent definition of exactly what in the world with a population of 20 million people.[5][6] It is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay Manila Bay is a natural harbor which serves the Port of Manila , in the Philippines. The bay is considered to be one of the best natural harbors in Southeast Asia and one of the finest in the world. It has an area of 1,994 km2 (769.9 sq mi), and a coastline of 190 km (118.1 mi). The entrance is 19 km (11.8 mi) wide and expands to a width of 48 km ( on the western side of the island of Luzon Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country, with Visayas and Mindanao being the other two. Luzon as an island group includes the island of Luzon itself, plus the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north, and the main and outlying islands. Several cities lies on its border: Navotas and Caloocan Caloocan City also known as Kalookan City is one of the cities and municipalities that comprises the National Capital Region of Metro Manila in the Republic of the Philippines. Located just north of the capital City of Manila, Caloocan is the country's third most populous city with a population of 1,378,856 as of the 2007 census cities A city is a tier of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities, whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own specific charters in addition to the Local Government Code of 1991, which specifies the administrative structure and political powers of subnational government to the north, Quezon City Quezon City , is the former capital (1948–1976) and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City (popularly known to Filipinos as simply QC) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region. The city was named after Manuel L. Quezon, the former president of to the northeast, San Juan The City of San Juan or simply San Juan is a city in Metro Manila in the Philippines. Before the creation of Metro Manila, it was part of Rizal Province. Currently Metro Manila's smallest city in terms of area, San Juan is one of the smallest among the cities and municipalities in the metropolis, second only to Pateros. This was the site of the and Mandaluyong City of Mandaluyong is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines. It is bordered on the west by the country's capital, Manila, to the north by San Juan City, to the east by Quezon City and Pasig City, and by Makati City to the south. At present, its nicknames are "Tiger City of the Philippines", & cities A city is a tier of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities, whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own specific charters in addition to the Local Government Code of 1991, which specifies the administrative structure and political powers of subnational government to the east, Makati City Makati City is one of the 16 cities that make up Metro Manila, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Makati is the financial center of the Philippines and one of the major financial, commercial and economic hub in Asia. As the host of various embassies, it is also an important center for international affairs to the southeast, and Pasay City The City of Pasay is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the Philippines. It is bordered on the north by the country's capital, Manila, to the northeast by Makati City, to the east by Taguig City, and Parañaque City to the south to the south.

With a population of 1,660,714 Manila is the second most populous city in the Philippines behind only neighboring Quezon City Quezon City , is the former capital (1948–1976) and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City (popularly known to Filipinos as simply QC) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region. The city was named after Manuel L. Quezon, the former president of. The city's inhabitants, however, inhabit an area of only 38.55 square kilometers, making Manila not only the most densely populated city in the Philippines but also the most densely populated city This is a list of the cities with the highest population density. The population, population density, and land area for the cities listed are based on the entire city proper, the defined boundary or border of a city or the city limits of the city. The population density of the cities listed is based on the average amount of people living per in the world.[7]

The city is divided into six legislative districts and consists of sixteen geographical districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros Intramuros, located along the southern bank of the Pasig River, was built by the Spaniards in the 16th century and is the oldest district of the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Its name, in Latin, intramuros, literally "within the walls", meaning within the wall enclosure of the city/fortress, also describes its structure, Malate, Paco Paco, is a district of Manila, Philippines. It is located south of Pasig River, and San Miguel, west of Santa Ana, southwest of Pandacan, north of Malate, northwest of San Andres, and east of Ermita. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 64,184 people in 13,438 households, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. Within their precincts can be found areas of bustling commerce and some of the most historically and culturally significant iconic landmarks in the country as well as the seat The seat of government is defined by Brewer's Politics as "the building, complex of buildings or city from which a government exercises its authority". The seat of government is usually located in the capital. In some countries the seat of government differs from the capital, e.g. in the Netherlands where The Hague is the seat of of the executive Malacañang Palace, or officially, Malacañan Palace, is the official residence of the President of the Philippines. The palace is located along the north bank of the Pasig River in Manila. It is called Palasyo ng Malakanyang in Filipino, and Malacañan Palace when referred to as the official residence of the President of the Philippines. In and judicial branches The Executive Departments of the Philippines is the largest component of the national executive branch of the government of the Philippines. There are a total of nineteen executive departments. The departments comprise the largest part of the country's bureaucracy of the government The politics of the Philippines takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of government within a pluriform multi-party system. This system revolves around three separate and sovereign yet interdependent branches: the legislative. It is home to many scientific and educational institutions, as well as numerous sport facilities. These make the city a major political, commercial, cosmopolitan, cultural, educational, religious, and transportation center of the Philippines The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and. The city has been classified as a "Beta+" global city A global city is a city deemed to be an important node point in the global economic system. The concept comes from geography and urban studies and rests on the idea that globalization can be understood as largely created, facilitated and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network in 2008.[8]

The earliest written accounts of the city date back to the Spanish era which describe a native settlement The Kingdom of Seludong or Saludung, which after colonization became Manila, capital of the Philippines, was one of three major city-states that dominated the area around the upper portion of the Pasig River before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 1500s already existing in the area when the Spanish first arrived. Manila eventually became the center of Spanish activity in the Far East The Far East is a term used in English mostly equivalent to East Asia (including the Russian Far East) and Southeast Asia, sometimes to the inclusion of South Asia for economic and cultural reasons and one end of the Manila–Acapulco Acapulco is a city, municipality and major sea port in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast of Mexico, 300 kilometres (190 mi) southwest from Mexico City. Acapulco is located on a deep, semi-circular bay and has been a port since the early colonial period of Mexico’s history. It is a port of call for shipping and cruising lines running galleon trade route The Manila galleons or Manila-Acapulco galleons were Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila in the Philippines, and Acapulco, New Spain (present-day Mexico). The name changed reflecting the city that the ship was sailing from. Service was inaugurated in 1565 with the discovery of the ocean leading to it being called the "Pearl of the Orient". Later, it saw the arrival of the Americans who made contributions to the city's urban planning and development only to have most of those improvements lost in the devastation of World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland ·. Since then the city has been rebuilt.

Contents

History

Main article: History of Manila

Manila was first known as Gintu (land of gold) or Suvarnadvipa by its neighboring provinces, and was officially the kingdom of Maynila The Kingdom of Seludong or Saludung, which after colonization became Manila, capital of the Philippines, was one of three major city-states that dominated the area around the upper portion of the Pasig River before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 1500s. The kingdom of Maynila The Kingdom of Seludong or Saludung, which after colonization became Manila, capital of the Philippines, was one of three major city-states that dominated the area around the upper portion of the Pasig River before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 1500s flourished during the latter half of the Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming (simplified Chinese: 大明国; traditional Chinese: 大明國; pinyin: Dà Míng Guó, also anachronistically simplified Chinese: 大明帝国; traditional Chinese: 大明帝國; pinyin: Dà Míng Dìguó), was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led as a result of trade relations with China. Ancient Tondo Tondo, also referred to as Tundo, Tundun, Tundok, was a Philippine fortified kingdom whose capital is located in the Manila Bay area, specifically north of the Pasig river, on Luzon island. It is one of the settlements mentioned by the Philippines' earliest historical record, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription. Originally an Indianized kingdom in has always been the traditional capital of the empire. Its rulers were equivalents to kings and not mere chieftains, and they were addressed as panginuan or panginoon ("lords"), anak banwa ("son of heaven") or lakandula ("lord of the palace"). During the 13th century, the city consisted of a fortified settlement and trading quarter at the shores of the Pasig river The Pasig River is a river in the Philippines and connects Laguna de Bay to Manila Bay. It stretches for 25 kilometres (15.5 mi) and divides Metro Manila into two. Its major tributaries are the Marikina River and San Juan River, on top of previous older towns. There is also early evidence of Manila being invaded by the Indianized empire of Majapahit Majapahit was a vast archipelagic empire based on the island of Java from 1293 to around 1500. Majapahit reached its peak of glory during the era of Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked by conquest which extended through Southeast Asia, including the present day Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, southern Thailand, the, due to the epic eulogy poem Nagarakretagama The Nagarakretagama or Nagarakrtagama is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, the ruler of the Majapahit Kingdom. It was written as a kakawin by Mpu Prapanca in 1365 . The Nagarakretagama contains detailed descriptions of the Majapahit Kingdom during its greatest extent. The poem affirms the importance of Hindu-Buddhism in the Majapahit empire which inscribed its conquest by Maharaja Mahārāja is a Sanskrit title for a "great king" or "high king". The female equivalent title Maharani (or Maharanee) denotes either the wife of a Mahārāja or, in states where that was customary, a woman ruling in her own right. The widow of a maharajah is known as a Rajmata. The term Maharaj denotes separate noble and Hayam Wuruk.[9] Saludong or Selurong which is a historical name for the city of Manila is listed in Canto 14 alongside Sulot, which is now Sulu Sulu is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Its capital is Jolo and occupies the middle group of islands of the Sulu Archipelago, between Basilan and Tawi-Tawi. It is home to the historical Sultanate of Sulu, and Kalka.[9]

During the reign of Sultan Bolkiah Sultan Bolkiah was the fifth Sultan of Brunei. He ascended the throne of Brunei upon the abdication of his father, Sultan Sulaiman. He ruled Brunei from 1485 to 1524. His reign was known as the Golden Age because Brunei became the superpower of the Malay archipelago. Under Sultan Bolkiah, Brunei prospered further, but he was still unsatisfied with in 1485 to 1521, the Sultanate of Brunei Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace[citation needed] (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: بروني دارالسلام), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea it is completely surrounded by decided to break the Dynasty of Tondo's monopoly in the China trade by attacking it and establishing the state of Selurong (now Manila) as a Bruneian satellite-state.[10] A new dynasty under the Islamized Rajah Salalila. was also established to challenge the House of Lakandula in Tondo. Islam was further strengthened by the arrival to the Philippines of traders and proselytizers Proselytizing is the act of attempting to convert people to another opinion and, particularly, another religion. The word proselytize is derived ultimately from the Greek language prefix 'πρός' and the verb 'έρχομαι' (I come). Historically in the Koine Greek Septuagint and New Testament, the word proselyte denoted a gentile who was from Malaysia ^ b. The current terminology as per government policy is Bahasa Malaysia but legislation continues to refer to the official language as Bahasa Melayu (literally Malay language). English may continue to be used for some official purposes under the National Language Act 1967 and Indonesia Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 230 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an.[11] The multiple states competing over the territory and the people of the islands The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and simplified Spanish colonization by allowing its conquistadors Conquistador (meaning "Conqueror" in the Spanish and Portuguese languages) is the term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 15th through the 19th centuries following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492 to effectively employ a strategy of divide and conquer for rapid conquest.

Manila was temporarily threatened by the invasion of Chinese Pirate-Warlord Limahong Limahong, Lim Hong or also called Lin Feng was a notorious Chinese pirate and warlord who invaded the northern Philippine Islands in 1574. He built up a reputation for his constant raids to ports in Guangdong, Fujian and southern China. He is noted to have twice attempted, and failed, to overthrow the Spanish city of Manila in 1574 before it became the seat of the colonial Colonialism is the building and maintaining of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. Colonialism is a process whereby sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the metropole and social structure, government and economics within the territory of the colony are changed by the colonists. Colonialism is a certain set of unequal government of Spain Spain (pronounced /ˈspeɪn/ spayn; Spanish: España, pronounced [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.[note 6] Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for when it officially controlled the Philippine Islands for over three centuries from 1565 to 1898. During the British occupation of the Philippines, the city was occupied by Great Britain for two years from 1762–1764 as part of the Seven Years War.[12] The city remained the capital of the Philippines under the government of the provisional British governor, acting through the Archbishop of Manila and the Real Audiencia.[13] Armed resistance to the British centred in Pampanga.[13]

The destruction brought about by the Japanese, Filipino and American forces in Manila. Flags on Bonifacio Shrine at half-mast during the death of former Philippine President Corazon Aquino.

Manila also became famous during the Manila-Acapulco trade which lasted for three centuries and brought goods from as far as Mexico and Peru all the way to Southeast Asia.

In 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. Under the American control, the new government invited Daniel Burnham to plan a modern Manila.[14] The Burnham Plan was a project that attempted to create Manila as Paris on the Prairie, with a vision of a government center occupying all of Wallace Field, which extends from Luneta to the present Taft Avenue. The Philippines Capitol was to rise on the Taft Avenue end of the field, facing toward the sea, and would form, with the buildings of different government bureaus and departments, a mighty quadrangle, lagoon in the center and a monument to Rizal at its Luneta end. Of Burnham’s proposed government center, only three units were built: the Legislative Building and the building of the Finance and Agricultural departments, which were completed on the eve of the War. By then, President Manuel L. Quezon had doomed the Burnham Plan by creating a new capital outside Manila, which was named after him, Quezon City

Manila was the site of the most fierce battle in the Pacific theater during the war. During the battle, Manila became a city of bloodbath in Asia where 100,000 civilians were killed.[15] It was the second most devastated city in the world after Warsaw during the Second World War. Since then the city has been rebuilt.

During the Marcos dictatorship, the Manila metropolitan area region was enacted as an independent entity in 1975 encompassing several cities and towns. During the Lacson era, also known as The Golden Age,[16] Manila was revitalized and became once again the pearl of the orient, which Manila has earned before the outbreak of World War II.

On 1995, Alfredo Lim became the mayor, and was known for his anti-crime crusades. When Lim ran for the presidency during the 1998 general elections, Lito Atienza was elected as city mayor who revitalized Manila and built hospital and educational facilities. Atienza was known for renovating most of the city's plaza, and projects such as the Mahal ko si Lolo, Mahal ko si Lola, a project for the elderly citizens of the city.[17] The current mayor, Alfredo Lim, who immediately reversed all of Atienza's project[18] since stepping as a mayor, because according to him, Atienza's project made little contributions to the improvements of the city. On July 17, 2008, councilor Dennis Alcoreza, filed human rights complaints before the Commission on Human Rights, against Lim, and other Manila officials.[19] Twenty four Manila officials also resigned because of the maltreatment of Lim's police forces. When Typhoon Ketsana battered the Philippines, 80% of the city was submerged with cars clogged up street by street[20] with the district of Santa Mesa being the most devastated district due to its geographical location.

Geography

Main articles: Geography of Manila and Port of Manila Landsat satellite false-color photo of Manila bay and the Manila metropolitan area.

Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila bay. The Pasig river bisects the city in the middle. Almost all of the city sits on top of centuries of prehistoric alluvial deposits built by the waters of the Pasig river and on some land reclaimed from Manila bay. The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since the American colonial times. Some of the natural variations in topography have been evened out due to the urbanization of the city. Manila lies 800 miles (1,300 km) from mainland Asia.[21] The city occupies an area of 38.55 square kilometers and was divided into 897 barangays, the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines. Each barangay has its own chairperson and councilors. For administrative convenience, all the barangays in Manila are grouped into 100 zones and which are further grouped into 16 geographical districts. These zones and districts have no form of local government. These 16 geographical districts are further grouped into the six legislative districts of Manila.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification system, Manila features a tropical wet and dry climate that borders on a tropical monsoon climate. Together with the rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 20 °C and going higher than 38 °C. However, humidity levels are usually very high which makes it feel much warmer. It has a distinct, albeit relatively short dry season from January through April, and a relatively lengthy wet season from May through December.

Climate data for Manila, Philippines
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35 (95) 35 (95) 36 (97) 37 (99) 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 36 (97) 35 (95) 35 (95) 35 (95) 34 (93) 38 (100)
Average high °C (°F) 30 (86) 30 (86) 31 (88) 33 (91) 34 (93) 34 (93) 33 (91) 31 (88) 31 (88) 31 (88) 31 (88) 31 (88) 31 (88)
Average low °C (°F) 21 (70) 21 (70) 21 (70) 22 (72) 23 (73) 24 (75) 24 (75) 24 (75) 24 (75) 24 (75) 23 (73) 22 (72) 23 (73)
Record low °C (°F) 14 (57) 14 (57) 16 (61) 16 (61) 17 (63) 20 (68) 22 (72) 21 (70) 21 (70) 21 (70) 19 (66) 17 (63) 14 (57)
Precipitation mm (inches) 23 (0.91) 23 (0.91) 13 (0.51) 18 (0.71) 33 (1.3) 130 (5.12) 254 (10) 432 (17.01) 422 (16.61) 356 (14.02) 193 (7.6) 145 (5.71) 2,042 (80.39)
Source: BBC[22]

Environmental issues

Smog engulfing the city of Manila.

Largely due to industrial waste and heavy reliance on automobiles, Manila suffers from air pollution[23][24] in the form of smog[25] which affects 98% of the residents of the city[26] and results in more than 4,000 deaths per year.[27] Open dump sites and industrial waste contribute to increasing pollution within the city.[28] Several rivers in Manila have been considered biologically dead. The Pasig, where 150 tons of domestic waste and 75 tons of industrial waste were dumped daily according to a report in 2003, is now one of the most polluted rivers in the world.[29] The Tinajeros-Tullahan river, located in northern Metro Manila, was reported to be the most polluted river in the city.[citation needed]

Lack of adequate infrastructure is one of the causes of pollution in the city.[20] The district of Ermita was the most air polluted district in the city.[28] As a flood prone city, Manila faced a catastrophe in 2009 which submerged more than 80% of the city, spreading sewage and pollutants in the process.[20] Metro Manila was reported to have the fourth-most polluted air in the world[30] with a level of pollution 300% above the allowable level.[28]

Demographics

Population Census
Census Pop. Rate
1903 219,928 —
1960 1,138,611 —
1970 1,330,788 1.6%
1975 1,479,116 2.1%
1980 1,630,485 2.0%
1990 1,601,234 -0.2%
1995 1,654,761 0.7%
2000 1,581,082 -0.97%
2007 1,660,714 0.68%

As of the 2007 census, the population of the city was 1,660,714 making it the second most populous city in the Philippines.[3]

Population density

Manila is the most densely populated city in the world with 43,079 inhabitants per km2.[7] District 6 is listed as being the most dense with 68,266 inhabitants per km2, followed by the first two districts with 64,936 and 64,710, respectively, and district 5 being the least dense with 19,235.[31]

Manila's population density dwarfs that of Kolkata (27,774 inhabitants per km2), Mumbai (22,937 inhabitants per km2), Paris (20,164 inhabitants per km2), Dhaka (19,447 inhabitants per km2), Shanghai (16,364 inhabitants per km2), with its most dense district of Nanshi's 56,785 density), and Tokyo (10,087 inhabitants per km2).[32]

But when accounting for the entire urban area, Metro Manila drops to 60th place with 14,100 people/km2 in a land area of 1,425 km2, which includes the area of Greater Manila Area.[4][32]

Languages

The vernacular language is Filipino, based mostly on the Tagalog of surrounding areas, and this Manila form of speaking Tagalog has essentially become the lingua franca of the Philippines, having spread throughout the archipelago through mass media and entertainment. Meanwhile, English is the language most widely used in education and business throughout the Metro Manila region. A number of older residents can still speak basic Spanish, which was a mandatory subject in the curriculum of Philippine universities and colleges, and many children of European, Arab, Indian, Latin American, or other migrants or expatriates also speak their parents' languages at home, aside from English and/or Filipino for everyday use. Minnan Chinese (known as Lannang-oe) is spoken by the city's Chinese-Filipino community.

Economy

Further information: Economy of the Philippines The view of Roxas Boulevard in the población, where the urban sprawl of Manila is centered. Robinsons Place Manila, one of the most premiere malls of the city.

Manila's economy is diverse and multifaceted. With its excellent protected harbor, Manila serves as the nation's chief seaport. In addition, it is a major publishing center for the Philippines.[33]

Diverse manufacturers produce industrial-related products such as chemicals, textiles, clothing, and electronic goods. Food and beverages and tobacco products also employ many residents. Additionally, local entrepreneurs continue to process primary commodities for export, including rope, plywood, refined sugar, copra, and coconut oil.[33] The food-processing industry is one of the most stable major manufacturing sector in the city.

Tourism is also a thriving industry. Being one of the major tourist destinations in the country, the city attracts over 1 million visitors[33] from all over the world annually. Most tourist sites are located within the districts of Binondo, the districts of Ermita and Malate and the Old Walled City, Intramuros.

Modern shopping malls dot the city especially in the areas of Malate and Ermita. SM City Manila, part of the country's largest chain of malls, stands behind the Manila City Hall. Besides SM City Manila, two other SM Supermalls were established in the city, the SM Quiapo and the SM City San Lazaro, which became one of the most premiere malls of the city. Other notable premiere malls in Manila are Robinsons Place Manila, the biggest mall in the city and the Harrison Plaza, one of the city's oldest shopping malls.

Every district in the city with the exception of Port Area has its own public market, locally called the pamilihang bayan or palengke. Public markets are often divided into two sections, namely the dry goods section and the wet goods section. Commerce in these public markets is lively, especially in the early morning. Under the urban renewal program of the Atienza's administration, some of the public markets had been refurbished and given a fresher look. The city, despite being modern, has flea markets in the areas of Divisoria and Quiapo, where cheap buys or goods are being sold at rock-bottom prices.

Culture and contemporary life

Feasts

There are several notable events in the city. The Manila Day, held every June 24, is an annual holiday to commemorate the founding of the city, under the patronage of John the Baptist. The Feast of the Black Nazarene was celebrated every January 9 that draws thousands of devotees yearly. Even each district has its own fest locally known as fiesta literally as festivals, after achieving recognition in their own rights.

Museums

The National Museum of the Philippines.

Manila, being the cultural home of the Philippines, houses notable museums. Bahay Tsinoy, one of Manila's most prominent museums, documents the Chinese lives and contributions in the history of the Philippines. The Intramuros Light and Sound Museum chronicles the Filipinos desire for freedom during the revolution under Rizal's leadership and other revolutionary leaders. The Metropolitan Museum of Manila exhibits the Filipino arts and culture. The Museum of Manila is the city-owned museum that exhibits the city's culture and history.

Manila also houses other notable museums in the country, namely the Museo Pambata, a children's museum, the Museum of Philippine Political History, which exhibits notable political events in the country, the National Museum of the Philippines (which includes the Museum of the Filipino People) of which exhibits life, culture and history of the country, the Parish of the Our Lady of the Abandoned and the San Agustin Church Museum, which houses religious artifacts, Plaza San Luis, a public museum, the UST Museum of Arts and Sciences and the DLS-CSB Museum of Contemporary Art and Design (mcad), both of which are university museums dedicated to science and technology, and contemporary art respectively.

Religion

The cosmopolitan atmosphere and cultural diversity of Manila is reflected in the number of places for worshipping throughout the city. The freedom of worship in the Philippines, which has existed since the creation of the republic, allowed the diverse population to build their sacred sites without the fear of persecution. People of different denominations are represented here with the presence of Christian churches, Buddhist temples, Jewish synagogues, and Islamic mosques.

Basilica Minore de San Sebastian, the only all-steel church in Asia.[34]

Roman Catholicism is the primary religion of the city. Almost all of the city's population are Roman Catholics. Manila is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila, the oldest archdiocese in the country, and the Primate of the Philippines.[35] The archdiocese's offices is located in the Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Intramuros.

Manila is home to three other basilicas, besides the Manila Cathedral, namely, the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene, Minor Basilica of St. Lorenzo Ruiz and the Basilica Minore de San Sebastian.

Being the seat of the Spanish colonial government in past centuries, it has been used as the base of numerous Roman Catholic missions to the Philippines. Among the religious orders that have gone to the Philippines include the Dominicans, the Jesuits, the Franciscans, the Augustinians, the Augustinian Recollects, the Benedictines, the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, the Vincentian Fathers, the Congregatio of the Immaculati Cordis Mariae, and the De La Salle Christian Brothers.

The exterior of Manila Cathedral, one of the basilicas located in the city of Manila.

Other notable churches in the city include San Agustin Church in Intramuros, the shrine of the canonically crowned image of Nuestra Señora de Consolación y Correa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[35] and a favorite wedding place of notable people and one of two fully air-conditioned churches in the city; the Binondo Church, also known as Basilica Minore de San Lorenzo Ruiz; Malate Church, the shrine of Nuestra Señora de Remedios; Ermita Church, home of the oldest Marian Image in the Philippines, Nuestra Señora de Guia; Tondo Church, home of the century-old ivory image of Sto. Niño (Child Jesus); and Sta. Ana Church, shrine of the canonically crowned image of Nuestra Senora de los Desamparados.

Protestantism is the second largest religion in the city. Manila is the site of some of the older and larger Protestant churches in the Philippines. While most of the older churches established by American missionaries are located within the city's limits, a greater number of the larger churches are located in the suburbs and satellite cities.

After the Second World War, a great influx of foreign Protestant missionaries came to the islands among which are the Baptists, Nazarenes, Pentecostals, and the Christian and Missionary Alliance. They established churches and schools throughout the islands making Manila their headquarters of operations. The Bible Baptist had also established places of worship throughout the city.

Aside from the Evangelical Christians, Manila is also the home of most of the country's Mainline Protestants. The Pro-Cathedral of the Saint Stephen, the center of the Episcopal Diocese of Central Philippines of the Episcopal Church in the Philippines is also found in the city. The mainly Ilocano revolutionary church Iglesia Filipina Independiente is headquartered in the city. Both of the Episcopal Church in the Philippines and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente belong to the Anglican Communion.

The largest entirely indigenous Christian church in the Philippines, and the largest independent church in Asia, the Iglesia ni Cristo has its base in the city. Iglesia has numerous chapels and churches across the city, notable for their narrow-pointed spires.

The city also hosts other faiths. There are many Buddhist and Taoist temples built by the Chinese community in Manila. The Quiapo district is home to a sizable Muslim population in Manila, where Masjid Al-Dahab is located. There is also a large Hindu temple for the Indian population, and a Sikh Temple was also erected. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints built a temple within the city. There once was a synagogue in Malate for the small Jewish community in the Philippines; a new synagogue has since been erected in neighboring city of Makati, along Tordesillas Street.

Tourism

The lobby of the Manila Hotel, one of the first of its kind in Southeast Asia, built in 1901. The National Library of the Philippines. The Cultural Center of the Philippines at twilight.

Tourism is vital to Manila, with over 1 million tourist visiting annually. The city has been one of the premiere tourist destinations in the East. Within Manila lies several notable landmarks in the Philippines which are very popular tourist destinations, such as the 1322 Golden Empire at Roxas Boulevard, the Apolinario Mabini Shrine, Bahay Tsinoy, Basilica of San Sebastian, the Baywalk, Chinatown, Coconut Palace[i], Cultural Center of the Philippines[i], Districts of Ermita and Malate, DLS-CSB Museum of Contemporary Arts and Design, Embassy of the United States in Manila, Fort Santiago, Intramuros, Malacañang Palace, Malate Church, Manila Boardwalk, Manila Cathedral, Manila City Hall, The Manila Hotel, Manila Ocean Park, Manila Central Post Office, Manila Yacht Club, Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden, Metropolitan Museum of Manila, Metropolitan Theater, Museo Pambata, the Museum of Manila, The Museum of Philippine Political History, National Library of the Philippines, National Museum of the Philippines (including the Museum of the Filipino People), Paco Park, Parish of the Our Lady of the Abandoned, Plaza Lorenzo Ruiz, Plaza Miranda, Quiapo Church, Quirino Grandstand, Rajah Sulayman Plaza, Remedios Circle, Rizal Park, Robinsons Place Manila, San Agustin Church, the San Agustin Church Museum, SM City Manila, SM City San Lazaro, SM City Santa Mesa[ii], The Supreme Court of the Philippines, UST Museum of Arts and Sciences and the Victims of Martial Law Memorial Wall-Bonifacio Shrine. Manila also host several sporting venues including the national sporting venue, the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex and the city-owned San Andrés Gym.

Cityscape

Overview

Manila's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country. Most of Manila's historical structures were wiped out during its liberation. After the battle, Manila was rebuilt and some of the historical buildings were reconstructed. Numerous landmarks and attractions attracts heavy investment. The current urban landscape of Manila is one of modern and contemporary architecture.

Places of interest

The Kilometer Zero marker.

Numerous notable landmarks are located in Manila, such as Rizal Park, and the historical Intramuros. Rizal park is a crescent-shaped 58 hectare (143 acres)[36] park that lies within the heart of Manila's cultural and business district, as an honor and dedication to the country's national hero José Rizal, who was executed in the same place where the park was created by the Spaniards on charges of subversion. Among the attractions in Rizal Park is the Chinese and Japanese Gardens, the National Museum of the Philippines, The National Library of the Philippines, the Planetarium, the Orchidarium and Butterfly Pavilion, the park auditorium, a landscaped relief map of the Philippines, the fountain, the children's lagoon, the chess plaza, the Quirino Grandstand and the Manila Ocean Park, which features a wide variety of marine animals. The flagpole west of the Rizal Monument is the Kilometer Zero marker for distances to the rest of the country. In the northern most part of the city lie three cemeteries: the Loyola and Chinese cemeteries, and Manila North Green Park, the largest public cemetery in the Manila metropolitan area.

The districts of Ermita and Malate, being a popular tourist destination, showcase a wide variety of hotels, restaurants, clubs, bars, cafes, art and antique shops. The nightlife offers everything from cultural exhibitions to discothèques, casinos, entertainment lounges, and fashionable cafes.

Parks and recreational areas

Rizal Monument facing Quirino Grandstand.

Manila was the site of the country's premiere park, Rizal Park, which was erected for the country's national hero, José Rizal. Besides having parks and green areas, Manila is the home to several plazas, such as the Plaza Balagtas and Plaza Miranda, the site of the 1971 politics-related bombings. Within Manila lies notable parks and green areas, such as the Rajah Sulayman Park, Manila Boardwalk, Liwasang Bonifacio, Mehan Garden, Paco Park, Remedios Circle, the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden, Pandacan Linear Park, and the Malacañang Garden. Within the city lies the cemeteries of the Manila Chinese Cemetery, La Loma Cemetery[iii], the Manila South Green Park and the Manila North Green Park, notable as being the resting place of several historical figures and being the largest cemetery in the Manila metropolitan area. Both the Manila North and South Green Park are city-owned cemeteries. A large number recreational areas are found scattered within the city.

Districts

Main article: Legislative districts of Manila The legislative districts of Manila.

The city is further divided into sixteen geographical districts namely the districts of Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. These districts were further grouped into six administrative districts, the legislative districts of Manila.

Map of Manila
District Barangays Population (2007 census) Area (has.) Pop. density (per km2)
Binondo 10 12,100 66.11 18,304.1
Ermita 13 6,205 158.91 3,904.8
Intramuros 5 5,015 67.26 7,455.7
Malate 57 78,132 259.58 30,099.8
Paco 43 69,300 278.69 24,866.7
Pandacan 38 76,134 166.00 45,862.9
Port Area 5 48,684 315.28 15,441.4
Quiapo 16 23,138 84.69 27,322.0
Sampaloc 192 255,613 513.71 49,758.5
San Andres 65 116,585 168.02 69,386.2
San Miguel 12 16,115 91.37 17,636.9
San Nicolas 15 43,225 163.85 26,380.5
Santa Ana 34 62,184 169.42 36,703.5
Santa Cruz 82 118,779 309.01 38,438.1
Santa Mesa 51 98,901 261.01 37,892.2
Tondo 259 630,604 865.13 72,891.6

Government

The current mayor for the 2007–2010 term is Alfredo Lim, who is making a comeback following a three-year stint as a Senator. The city mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totaling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term. Isko Moreno is the city's incumbent vice-mayor. The vice-mayor heads the legislative arm composed of the elected city councilors, six from each of the city's six legislative districts. Current district representatives of the city are Benjamin Asilo, representing the 1st District, Carlo Lopez for the 2nd District, Zenaida Angping for the 3rd District, Trisha Bonoan – David for the 4th District, Amado Bagatsing in the 5th District and Rosenda Ann Ocampo in the 6th District.

The former Agriculture and Finance Buildings and the Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park, which was envisioned to be the center of government.

Manila being the seat of political power of the Philippines, has several national government offices headquartered at the city. Planning for the development for being the center of government started during the early years of American colonialization to the country when they envisioned a well designed city outside the walls of Intramuros. The strategic location chosen was Bagumbayan, a former town which is now the Rizal Park to become the center of government and a design commission was given to Daniel Burnham to create a master plan for the city patterned after Washington D.C.. These improvements were lost during the devastation of Manila during World War II.

Eventually, under the Commonwealth Government of Manuel L. Quezon, a new government center was to be built on the hills northeast of Manila, or what is now Quezon City. Several government agencies have set-up their headquarters in Quezon City but several key government offices still resides in Manila. The city host the Office of the President, the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Departments of Budget and Management, Finance, Health, Justice, Labor and Employment, and Tourism. Manila also hosts important national institutions such as the National Library, National Archives, National Museum and the Philippine General Hospital.

City seal

The City Seal of Manila depicts the words Lungsod ng Maynila and Pilipinas, Filipino for City of Manila and Philippines, in a circle around a shield. The circle also contains six yellow stars representing the city's six congressional districts. The city seal composes of the shield, in the shape of pre-colonial people's shield, depicts the city's nickname Pearl of the Orient on top, a sea lion in the middle, in reference to the city's Spanish influences, and the waves of the Pasig river and Manila bay in the bottom. The colors of the seal mirror that of the flag of the Philippines. The sea lion in the seal of Manila was adopted by Singapore into its merlion.

Education

Main articles: Education in the Philippines, List of colleges and universities in the Philippines, and Division of City Schools-Manila The University of the City of Manila, the pioneer of local colleges and universities in the Philippines.

Manila is home to majority of the colleges and universities in Metro Manila. The University Belt, informally located in the districts of Malate, Ermita, Intramuros, San Miguel, Quiapo, and Sampaloc is the colloquial term for the high concentration of institutions of higher education that are located in these districts. The university belt composed of several state universities such as the Philippine Normal University, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Technological University of the Philippines and the University of the Philippines. Also located within the university belt are several Catholic schools such as the Adamson University, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, College of the Holy Spirit, Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic School, Saint Paul University, San Beda College, San Sebastian College, Philippine Christian University, University of Santo Tomas, De La Salle University and De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde. Within the city are several private schools such as the Arellano University, Centro Escolar University, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Far Eastern University, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Mapúa Institute of Technology, University of Manila, Philippine Women's University, Technological Institute of the Philippines, and the University of the East and the city-owned universities Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila and Gat Andrés Bonifacio University.

The Division of the City Schools of Manila, a branch of the Department of Education, refers to the city's three-tier public education system. It governs the 71 public elementary schools, 32 public high schools[37] and the two city-owned universities.

The city also plays host to Manila Science High School, the Philippines' pilot science high school; the National Museum, where the Spoliarium of Juan Luna is housed; the Metropolitan Museum, the premier museum of modern and contemporary visual arts; Museo Pambata (Children's Museum), a place of hands-on discovery and fun learning; and, the National Library, the repository of the country's printed and recorded cultural heritage and other literary and information resources.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Manila Further information: Public transport in Manila Philippine National Railways Manila Light Rail Transit System

Manila, being a major city, has various transportation options, the most famous being the jeepney, which has been in use since the years immediately following World War II.[38] In more recent years, air-conditioned Tamaraw FX, the third generation Toyota Kijang was often used for the service, which have begun to compete with jeepneys. Along with buses, jeepneys and FX ply fixed routes for a set price, though each mode has different routes.

On a for-hire basis, the city is served by numerous taxicabs, "tricycles" (motorcycles with sidecars, the Philippine version of the auto rickshaw), and "trisikads" or "sikads" (bicycles with a sidecars, the Philippine version of pedicabs). In some areas, especially in Divisoria, two stroke motors are fitted to the pedicabs and are used to transport goods. Spanish-era horse-drawn calesas are still used in the streets of Binondo and Intramuros, but mostly for tourists. Which mode of for-hire used depends upon the distance to be traveled, the cost, and the width of the streets. All types of public transport are privately owned and operated under government franchise.

The city is serviced by the Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as LRT, as distinct from the MRT in other parts of Metro Manila.[39] Development of the railway system began in the 1970s under the Marcos administration, making it the first light rail transport in Southeast Asia. Recently, the system experienced a multi-billion dollar expansion.[39]. Two lines service the city, the LRT 1 line (Yellow Line) that runs along the length of Taft Avenue (R-2) and Rizal Avenue (R-9), and the LRT 2 line (Purple Line) that runs along Ramon Magsaysay Blvd (R-6) from Santa Cruz, through Quezon City, up to Santolan in Pasig City.

The main terminal of the Philippine National Railways lies within the city. Railways extend north to the city of San Fernando in Pampanga and south to Legazpi City in Albay, though only the southern railway is currently in operation.

The city is also served by the Ninoy Aquino International Airport and the Pasig River Ferry Service.

Medical facilities

The Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center

Manila is home to World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, the World Health Organization Country Office for the Philippines, main office of the Department of Health, and several private and public hospitals and medical centers. One of the many programs of the Department of Tourism is to promote Medical Tourism in the Philippines which hosts to a large number of wellness centers and spa facilities. The Manila Health Department, which responsible for the planning and implementation of the health programs of the city government, is operating the 44 health centers and lying-in facilities scattered throughout the city.[40] A number of the notable hospitals in the city are the Manila Doctors' Hospital, Philippine General Hospital, Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center, Dr. José R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, San Lazaro Hospital, the University of Santo Tomas Hospital and the city-owned Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center.[35]

International relations

Manila has a number of sister cities worldwide, as classified by the city government. Each sister city is divided into three parts, namely the International, Friendly location and Local City.[41] Manila has 33 International Sister Cities, three Friendly Location Cities and two Local Sister Cities.

Twin towns – Sister cities

International
Acapulco, Mexico
Astana, Kazakhstan
Bangkok, Thailand(1997)
Beijing, China (2002)[41][42][43]
Bucharest, Romania(1986)
Cartagena, Colombia
Guangzhou, China (1982)[41][44]
Haifa, Israel(1971)
Havana, Cuba
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Honolulu, USA
Incheon, South Korea
Jakarta, Indonesia
Jersey City, USA
Yagi, Japan
Lima, Peru
Madrid, Spain (1987)[41][45]
Málaga, Spain
Maui County, USA
Montreal, Canada (2005)[41][46]
Moscow, Russia
New Delhi, India
Nice, France
Sacramento, USA
San Francisco, USA
Santiago, Chile
Seberang Perai, Malaysia
Sydney, Australia
Taichung, Taiwan
Taipei, Taiwan (1966)[41][47]
Takatsuki, Japan[41]
Tehran, Iran
Winnipeg, Canada (1979)[41][48]
Yokohama, Japan[41][49]
Friendly location
Busan, Republic of Korea[41]
Shanghai, China (1983)[41]
Xi'an, China[41]
Local City
Cebu City, Philippines[41]
Davao City, Philippines[41]

See also

Philippines portal

Citations

Notes
i. ^ Within the boundaries of Manila and Pasay City. The jurisdictional border lies on Vicente Sotto Street.
ii. ^ In dispute with Quezon City. Current address used by the mall was Quezon City, based on its geographical location. Jurisdiction was in Manila.
iii. ^ Within the shared border of Manila and Caloocan City. La Loma Cemetery lies within Caloocan City, although some area of the park lies within Manila.

Footnotes

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  48. ^ Sister Cities. New Winnipeg. Archived from the original on 2005-12-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20051228134139/http://newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-09
  49. ^ "Eight Cities/Six Ports: Yokohama's Sister Cities/Sister Ports". Yokohama Convention & Visitiors Bureau. http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html. Retrieved 2009-07-18.

Further reading

Book:Manila
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Preceded by Quezon City Capital of the Philippines 1976–present Succeeded by Incumbent
Preceded by Malolos City Capital of the Philippines 1901–1948 Succeeded by Quezon City
Largest cities in the Philippines

Manila Davao City Pasig Taguig

 Rank City Region Population Rank City Region Population

Makati Cebu City Zamboanga City
1 Quezon City National Capital 2,679,450 11 Dasmariñas Region IV-A 556,330
2 Manila National Capital 1,660,714 12 Cagayan de Oro Region X 553,966
3 Caloocan National Capital 1,378,856 13 Parañaque National Capital 552,660
4 Davao City Region XI 1,363,337 14 Las Piñas National Capital 532,330
5 Cebu City Region VII 798,809 15 General Santos Region XII 529,542
6 Zamboanga City Region IX 774,407 16 Makati National Capital 510,383
7 Antipolo Region IV-A 633,971 17 Bacolod Region VI 499,497
8 Pasig National Capital 617,301 18 Muntinlupa National Capital 452,493
9 Taguig National Capital 613,343 19 San Jose del Monte Region III 439,090
10 Valenzuela National Capital 568,928 20 Marikina National Capital 424,610
Philippines 2007 Census
Navotas City, South Caloocan City Quezon City
Manila Bay San Juan City Mandaluyong City
Manila
Pasay City, (Bay City) Makati City
Articles related to Manila
City of Manila
Culture · Crime · Demographics · Economy · Geography · History · Mayor · Notable Residents · Transportation
Legistlative districts of Manila

1st District · 2nd District · 3rd District · 4th District · 5th District · 6th District
Districts of Manila

Binondo · Ermita · Intramuros · Malate · Paco · Pandacan · Port of Manila · Quiapo · Sampaloc · San Andres · San Miguel · San Nicolas · Santa Ana · Santa Cruz · Santa Mesa · Tondo
Mayors of Manila

Justo Lukban · Ramon Fernandez · Miguel Romualdez · Tomas Earnshaw · Valeriano Fugoso · Jorge B. Vargas · León G. Guinto, Sr. · Juan L. Nolasco · Manuel de la Fuente · Arsenio Lacson · Antonio Villegas · Ramon Bagatsing · Mel Lopez · Alfredo Lim · Lito Atienza · Alfredo Lim

Metropolitan Manila · Republic of the Philippines
Geographic Locale
Lat. and Long. 14°35′N 121°0′E / 14.583°N 121°E Manila
Metropolitan Manila

Caloocan City Las Piñas City Makati City

Malabon City Mandaluyong City Manila

Marikina City Muntinlupa City Navotas City

Parañaque City Pasay City Pasig City

Pateros Quezon City San Juan City

Taguig City Valenzuela City
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
Cities of the Philippines
Highly-urbanized Cities

Angeles · Bacolod · Baguio · Butuan · Cagayan de Oro · Caloocan · Cebu · Davao · General Santos · Iligan · Iloilo · Lapu-Lapu · Las Piñas · Lucena · Makati · Malabon · Mandaluyong · Mandaue · Manila · Marikina · Muntinlupa · Navotas · Olongapo · Parañaque · Pasay · Pasig · Puerto Princesa · Quezon City · San Juan · Tacloban · Taguig · Valenzuela · Zamboanga
Independent Component Cities

Cotabato · Dagupan · Naga · Ormoc · Santiago
Component Cities

Alaminos · Antipolo · Bago · Bais · Balanga · Batac · Batangas · Bayawan · Baybay · Bayugan · Biñan · Bislig · Bogo · Borongan · Cabadbaran · Cabanatuan · Cadiz · Calamba · Calapan · Calbayog · Candon · Canlaon · Carcar · Catbalogan · Cauayan · Cavite · Danao · Dapitan · Dasmariñas · Digos · Dipolog · Dumaguete · El Salvador · Escalante · Gapan · Gingoog · Guihulngan · Himamaylan · Iriga · Isabela · Kabankalan · Kidapawan · Koronadal · La Carlota · Lamitan · Laoag · Legazpi · Ligao · Lipa · Maasin · Malaybalay · Malolos · Marawi · Masbate · Mati · Meycauayan · Muñoz · Naga (Cebu) · Oroquieta · Ozamiz · Pagadian · Palayan · Panabo · Passi · Roxas · Sagay · Samal · San Carlos (Negros Occidental) · San Carlos (Pangasinan) · San Fernando (La Union) · San Fernando (Pampanga) · San Jose · San Jose del Monte · San Pablo · Santa Rosa · Silay · Sipalay · Sorsogon · Surigao · Tabaco · Tabuk · Tacurong · Tagaytay · Tagbilaran · Tagum · Talisay (Cebu) · Talisay (Negros Occidental) · Tanauan · Tandag · Tangub · Tanjay · Tarlac · Tayabas · Toledo · Trece Martires · Tuguegarao · Urdaneta · Valencia · Victorias · Vigan
Political Divisions of the Philippines
Capital Manila • National Capital Region
Autonomous region Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Provinces Abra • Agusan del Norte • Agusan del Sur • Aklan • Albay • Antique • Apayao • Aurora • Basilan • Bataan • Batanes • Batangas • Benguet • Biliran • Bohol • Bukidnon • Bulacan • Cagayan • Camarines Norte • Camarines Sur • Camiguin • Capiz • Catanduanes • Cavite • Cebu • Compostela Valley • Cotabato • Davao del Norte • Davao del Sur • Davao Oriental • Eastern Samar • Guimaras • Ifugao • Ilocos Norte • Ilocos Sur • Iloilo • Isabela • Kalinga • La Union • Laguna • Lanao del Norte • Lanao del Sur • Leyte • Maguindanao • Marinduque • Masbate • Misamis Occidental • Misamis Oriental • Mountain Province • Negros Occidental • Negros Oriental • Northern Samar • Nueva Ecija • Nueva Vizcaya • Occidental Mindoro • Oriental Mindoro • Palawan • Pampanga • Pangasinan • Quezon • Quirino • Rizal • Romblon • Samar • Sarangani • Siquijor • Sorsogon • South Cotabato • Southern Leyte • Sultan Kudarat • Sulu • Surigao del Norte • Surigao del Sur • Tarlac • Tawi-Tawi • Zambales • Zamboanga del Norte • Zamboanga del Sur • Zamboanga Sibugay
Other subdivisions Island groups • Regions • Cities • Municipalities • Barangays • Legislative districts
Benham Plateau • North Borneo (Sabah) • Scarborough Shoal • Spratly Islands
Capitals of Asia
West and Southwest Asia Central Asia East Asia

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) Amman, Jordan Ankara, Turkey 7 Baghdad, Iraq Baku, Azerbaijan 7 Beirut, Lebanon Damascus, Syria Doha, Qatar Jerusalem, Israel 6 8 Kuwait City, Kuwait Manama, Bahrain Muscat, Oman Nicosia, Cyprus 8 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Sana'a, Yemen Tbilisi, Georgia 7 Tehran, Iran Yerevan, Armenia 8

Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Astana, Kazakhstan 7 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Dushanbe, Tajikistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan

South Asia

Dhaka, Bangladesh Islamabad, Pakistan Kabul, Afghanistan 1 Kathmandu, Nepal Kotte, Sri Lanka 3 Malé, Maldives New Delhi, India Thimphu, Bhutan

Beijing, People's Republic of China (PRC) Pyongyang, North Korea Seoul, South Korea Taipei, Republic of China (ROC) 2 Tokyo, Japan Ulan Bator, Mongolia 1

Southeast Asia

Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Bangkok, Thailand Dili, East Timor Hanoi, Vietnam Jakarta, Indonesia Kuala Lumpur 4 and Putrajaya,5 Malaysia Manila, Philippines Naypyidaw, Burma Phnom Penh, Cambodia Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 9 Singapore, Singapore Vientiane, Laos
1 Often considered part of Central Asia 2 Commonly known as Taiwan 3 Full name is Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte 4 Formal 5 Administrative 6 See Positions on Jerusalem for details on Jerusalem's status 7 Transcontinental country 8 Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe 9 Entirely in Melanesia but having socio-political connections with Southeast Asia

Categories: Metro Manila | Capitals in Asia | Manila | Cities in the Philippines | Populated coastal places in the Philippines | Port cities and towns in the Philippines | Populated places established in 1574

 

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'Manila' News
Lea Salonga Opens CATS In Manila With A Sprained Ankle, Show Extends Till 8/22 - Broadway World
broadwayworld.com
Lea Salonga Opens CATS In Manila With A Sprained Ankle, Show Extends Till 8/22 - Broadway World
Fri, 23 Jul 2010 15:18:03 GMT+00:00
With A Sprained Ankle, Show Extends Till 8/22 Broadway World The international stage and television actress is poised to appear in all the performances of "Cats" in Manila , including matinee and additional shows. ... 'Cats' gala night all set abs cbn news
Google News Search: Manila,
Thu Jul 29 00:03:36 2010
'Manila' Images
Manila4 jpg
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Manila4 jpg
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[source page]

India Just Around the Corner Manila Standard Today

Yahoo Images Search: Manila,
Sat Jul 24 23:19:33 2010
'Manila' Blogs
Market Manila - Wonderful Tapas - Appetizers
marketmanila.com
Market Manila - Wonderful Tapas - Appetizers

Marketman

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 16:42:26 GM

On our last evening in Madrid, we were able to catch up with some friends and diplomats who were once posted to . Manila. , and with whom we enjoyed many a meal over the years. Despite all of the technological advances and Facebook, YM, ...

Google Blogs Search: Manila,
Wed Jul 28 17:11:44 2010
'Manila' Answers
the flight for tomorrow from cagayan to manila is not cancelled?
Q. the flight for tomorrow from cagayn to manila is not be cancelled? because of the bad weather their in manila?
Asked by langlang - Sat Nov 24 02:20:43 2007 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments

A. Check with your airline and your local airport to see if the flight is delayed or cancelled.
Answered by hr4me - Mon Nov 26 17:37:14 2007

Yahoo Answers Search: Manila,
Thu Jul 29 12:48:37 2010
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